When light passes into a denser medium, the ray is bent toward the normal.
One ray (called the extraordinary ray) is bent, or refracted, at an angle as it travels through the medium; the other ray (called the ordinary ray) passes through the medium unchanged.
Since there did not appear to be any difference in the final amount of repair of DNA single-strand breaks after irradiation in buffer or in growth medium, the increased X-ray sensitivity resulting from irradiation in buffer must be due to the inhibition of some rec and exr(lexA) gene-dependent repair process other than for the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (A53).
Computation of the intensity in the scattering medium involves integrations along the rays' paths.
A line OE is now drawn parallel to the incident ray BP extending as far as the circle representing the refractive index n of the medium containing the incident ray.
To assess the 'intrinsic' CRC that can be reached by pinhole SPECT, i.e., not corrupted by the physical effects occurring in the emission medium, the continuous energy X-ray scattering in the phantom was modeled using an adapted version of a previously proposed analytical model [24, 25].
TIGRE, the UCR Compton gamma-ray telescope, is designed to make use of the Compton recoil electron track to improve the flux sensitivity in the medium gamma-ray energy range (0.4 100 MeV).
A cylindrical free-air ionization chamber is used as the medium X-ray air kerma primary standard at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER, Taiwan).
It is believed that most of the stable beryllium in the universe was originally created in the interstellar medium when cosmic rays induced fission in heavier elements found in interstellar gas and dust.
To improve the directivity of the proposed dipole antenna at this frequency, an effective medium approach along with the ray-tracing technique have been used to investigate a unit-cell of the frequency-selective-surface (FSS) and its effect on the directivity of the antenna is presented.
