Figure 2 summarizes the associations between PSS score and medium-term exposures measured from the stationary monitoring sites by season.
Table 4 summarizes the adjusted differences in PSS score and medium-term exposures to predicted PM2.5 and BC estimated from the spatio-temporal models.
In conclusion, we identified novel associations between medium-term exposures to air pollution and higher stress rating in this sample of predominantly white elderly men, more so in colder months for specific pollutants.
In this sample of predominantly white older men, we observed that medium-term exposures to PM2.5, BC, PNC, and NO2, as measured from stationary monitoring sites, were associated with higher perceived stress rating.
There was also no indication of independent associations of hs-CRP with short- or medium-term exposures to PMALL or PMIND, whereas for PMTRA the positive association with hs-CRP increased with longer time windows of PMTRA exposure.
Associations between hs-CRP and long-term exposures (averaged over 1 year) remained robust after adjustment for short-term exposure (averaged over 7 days) and increased slightly after adjustment for medium-term exposures (averaged over 91 or 28 days) (data not shown).
Statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive associations were observed between medium-term exposures to PM2.5, BC, PNC, and NO2 measured from the stationary monitoring sites at moving averages of 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and PSS score, such that higher air pollution levels were associated with higher stress rating.
The toxicology branch of the disease control centers has a draft risk assessment that puts the safety level for medium-term exposure at three parts per billion.
Our results suggest that medium-term exposure to TRAP may induce an increased inflammatory/endothelial response, especially among diabetics and those not using statins.
In C. maenas, a reorganisation of gill epithelia was observed after short-term exposure to very high PCO2 (~4,340 μatm; 7 days), but not after medium-term exposure to high PCO2 (~2,270 μatm; 11 weeks) [ 36].
We compared the estimated effects of short- and medium-term exposure on mortality within cohort participants directly to estimated effects of long-term exposure on mortality within the same cohorts (Yap et al. 2012).
