This is important to highlight because most of the signaling pathways considered in the present manuscript are regulated by phosphorylation, ie, acutely and as such has to be considered a short-to-medium term adaptation.
This effect is slightly more pronounced under long-term adaptation but equally clear under medium-term adaptation.
In general, the predictions considering long-term adaptation led to higher ET rates than those considering medium-term adaptation only (Fig. 2).
As mentioned before, ET was generally higher under long-term adaptation and hence drainage was lower, compared with medium-term adaptation.
This was mainly due to increases in FPC for perennial plants in the long-term adaptation simulations, which were not permitted by design in the medium-term adaptation simulations.
The increases in RAI with Ca at the water-limited sites were much more pronounced in the medium-term adaptation scenario (up to 100%% increase) than for long-term adaptation (up to 25%% increase, Table 5).
This is due to the non-linear effect of Ca on the shape of the Ag(gs) curve and hence on the slope λ = ∂ E/∂ A. In the medium-term adaptation simulations, λ only responds to changes in soil moisture, i.e. reduction in transpiration under eCO2 leads to increased soil moisture and hence increased λ and transpiration rates, representing a negative feedback loop.
It reveals that – given the right framework conditions – some architectures, like 'cap and trade' regimes or 'policies and measures' can improve the competitiveness of nuclear power plants, while others are unlikely to provide incentives for nuclear energy development in the short to medium term, such as adaptation and technology cooperation.
Changes in the expression of genes have to be considered a medium-to-long term adaptation of the tissue to a new physiological state.
Although version 1.0 will be kept stable for a certain time, in the medium term the data model will need maintenance and adaptation.
