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However, these small to medium sized effects [ 33], were based on only 3 studies with 254 patients, and 2 studies with 103 patients randomised respectively.
Assuming statistical power of (1-β) = .80, type-I error probability of α = .05, and a correlation between covariate and outcome of ρ = .6, a total sample size of N = 84 is required to detect medium sized effects between groups [ 29].
When applying statistical power analysis (e.g. using the software G*Power 3.1.3, estimation for point biserial correlations [ 15, 16]) with N = 44 and α = 0.05, the design of the present study has enough power (1-β = 0.96) to detect medium sized effects (d ≥ 0.5).
It is widely accepted that Cohen's d values of 0.2 – 0.49 denote small sized effects; 0.5 – 0.79 denote medium sized effects; and >0.8 denote large effect sizes.
The target sample size is 320 participants, which is based on power calculations required to identify small to medium sized effects for the primary study hypotheses.
[30] At endpoint, we also observed medium sized effects for the differences between placebo and control groups on symptom severity (d = 0.53) and quality of life (d = 0.40).
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The associated R2 value was 0.31, indicating that offender connectivity had a medium sized effect on offending rates.
Follow-up calculation of Cohen's d revealed an effect size of (d = 0.53), representing a medium sized effect according to Cohen's definition [ 47].
Values of 0.01 indicate small effects, values of 0.06 indicate medium size effects, and values of 0.14 are indicative of large effects [ 30].
There was.80 power or greater to detect medium size effects using repeated measures analyses with 3 to 5 levels of factors and greater than.99 power to detect medium size differences in means using matched sample t-tests.
Compared to psychosis subjects (Table 6), BP1, BP2 and BSD subjects had a consistent medium size effect of thinning to the left posterior angular gyrus.
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