A 24 h incubation with 50 μg/ml (12.5 μg/cm2) of fluoride-containing bioactive glasses termed HCaCaF2 (F content: 5, 10 and 15 mol.%) caused the release of lactate dehydrogenase in the extracellular medium (index of cytotoxicity), the accumulation of intracellular malonyldialdehyde (index of lipoperoxidation), and the increase of glutathione consumption.
Choice of the immersion medium, index of refraction of the cover-slip glass and ground surface statistics could be used to tailor the wavefront deformations.
The net optical force F optical on a cell surface can be written in this form: F o p t i c a l = n m P Q c, (2 where n m is the buffer medium index of refraction, P the total laser power, Q the dimensionless trapping efficiency and c the speed of light in vacuum.
where Λ is the grating pitch, m the diffraction order (m = 0, ±2,.±2,.), ni and α are the medium index and angle of the incident beam, respectively, and n0 and β are the medium index and angles of the m th order diffracted beam, respectively.
Table 1 Parameters used for calculating optical shielding property of the coated film Thickness of the coated layer [nm] Distance between nanocrystals [nm] Mean diameter of nanocrystals [nm] Dielectric constant of medium Refractive index of the coating layer Refractive index of the nanocrystals Refractive index of PET substrate 5,270 7.19 39.70 8.63 1.47 2.1 1.58.63
A/R caused a marked increase of LDH activity in the culture medium, an index of myocyte injury.
AST levels in the culture medium, an index of cell cytotoxicity, were 41.5 ± 0.7 IU/L in the sham group and 45.7 ± 6.8 IU/L in response to APC alone, while they were increased to 87.5 ± 15.7 IU/L in response to H2O2 alone.
In general, total internal reflection takes place at the boundary between two transparent media when a ray of light in a medium of higher index of refraction approaches the other medium at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.
MSCs, but not their conditioned medium, attenuated indices of lung injury including oxygenation, respiratory compliance, and lung edema.
The Cerenkov emission depends on macroscopic properties of the medium through the index of refraction, while Bremsstrahlung emission is the result of an interaction of the moving charged particle with the Coulomb field of the nucleus of the medium.
in order to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a medium with the index of refraction n i (x,V x))=1/u i (x,V x)), V2=V i V j 0g ij where 0g ij (x) is the background pseudo-Riemannian metric of the medium and V i (x is the velocity of the medium.
