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The lower wells of the apparatus were filled with growth factors in α-MEM containing 20 mM HEPES pH 7,2 or conditioned medium from Raw 264,7 cells or derived-osteoclasts and overlaid with a polycarbonate membrane of 5 µm pores (NeuroProbe Inc. Gaithersburg MD, USA).
Conditioned medium from RAW cells over-expressing Fas (in response to LPS stimulation) decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into L6 myotubes (Fig 5F), potentially recapitulating the link between obesity-induced monocyte Fas over-expression and muscular insulin resistance (Fig 1).
Furthermore, medium from RAW 264.7 cells incubated with I-labeled T3/T4 for 24 h prior to harvest at each time point revealed no evidence of deiodinase activity following HPLC analysis (Table 3).
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To investigate a potential role of Fas in mediating myeloid-muscle inter-cellular communication, the effect of conditioned medium harvested from RAW cells was tested on insulin signalling and metabolism in L6 myotubes, mature 3T3-L1 adiporytes or HepG2 hepatocytes.
The OD550 nm for non-specific background staining of each disinfectant solution or TSB medium was subtracted from raw values for of each disinfectant solution or TSB medium.
RAW 264.7 cells were originally established from a tumor induced by Abelson murine leukemia virus, and the standard culture medium for RAW 264.7 cells, DMEM, contains 25 mM glucose, therefore we assessed if the observed effect of pyruvate on osteoclastogenesis may be limited to this cell line and culture conditions only.
Cell droplets of 12.5 μL were carefully placed in a 24-well plate and incubated at 37 °C for 4 h to enable cell adherence, followed by the addition of 400 μL of chondrogenic medium and supernatants obtained from RAW cells or DMEM at a ratio of 2 1.
Endoinulinase production from a simple and cost effective medium using raw Dahlia inulin was comparable with pure inulin.
Their medium is data visualization, a technology developed by computer scientists to extract insights from raw numbers.
To check the expression of SPI-2, total protein was extracted from intracellular bacteria (isolated from RAW 264.7 cells) and also from bacteria grown in F or LB medium for 2 h.
After 1 day of culture, osteoclast differentiation from RAW 264.7 cells was induced with 50 ng/mL RANKL (Alexis Biochemicals, Lausen, Switzerland) in α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM, Gibco) with 2% FBS for 6 days.
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