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Furthermore, rat GC-conditioned medium contained much more TGF beta activity than medium from normal rat kidney cells (NRK 49-F), human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells (PC-3), or porcine GC.
Medium from tPA knock-down astrocytes significantly reduced the neurite number and total length of cultured neurons compared with medium from normal astrocytes or negative control siRNA transfected astrocytes (Fig. 3b, 3c).
MIF released into culture medium from normal epithelial, LNCaP and PC-3 cells was detected by Western blot analysis.
On the other hand, medium from OASFs exhibited significant CTGF and VEGF levels, higher than that of medium from normal SFs.
The OASFs medium showed a level of expression of thrombin that was significantly higher than that seen in the medium from normal SFs.
The ECs were subsequently treated with normal DMEM medium, SMC-conditioned medium from normal gravity (CM SMC + 1 g), and clinorotation (CM SMC + MG) separately for proliferation or migration assays.
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(D) Conditioned medium collected from normal MSC cultures were applied to mFBs and the resulting viability was compared to that of direct co-culture.
Conditioned medium harvested from normal MSC cultures was used to incubate mFBs for 48 h as a conventional paracrine method, resulting in decreased viability of mFBs relative to controls (Fig. 1D).
Conditioned medium (CM) from normal human astrocytes was used as a control to mimic the normal brain milieu.
The influence of conditioned medium collected from normal gravity and simulated microgravity on cell proliferation and migration was also investigated.
Representative agarose gel electrophoresis of S-PG extracted from cartilage explants (T) and conditioned culture medium (M), from normal tissues obtained at the beginning of experiment (Initial), and repair tissues collected at the end of experimental period (Final), from chitosan-GP-treated lesions (Chitosan-GP) and untreated lesions (No treatment) is shown in Figure 3.
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