In this review we provide a comprehensive overview on the scalable manufacturing of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, depicting the various steps involved in the process from cell isolation to ex vivo expansion, using different cell tissue sources and culture medium formulations and exploiting bioprocess engineering tools namely microcarrier technology and bioreactors.
In contrast to its low millimolar concentrations in cells in vivo, Asc concentrations in cultured cells are in low micromolar range, reflecting the absence of vitamin C in synthetic growth medium formulations and the addition of only 10 15% serum, which typically lost a majority of vitamin C during processing and storage.
Our in vitro model for glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity of OPCs utilizes media where the IGF-1R (IGF type 1 receptor) is not stimulated (by eliminating micromolar levels of insulin present in most medium formulations) and it does not contain cyclothiazide, the glutamate-densensitizing blocker (Ness and Wood, 2002; Ness et al., 2004; Wood et al., 2007).
Cell-seeded nanofibrous scaffolds were cultured in a chemically-defined medium formulation and mechanical, biochemical, and histological features were evaluated over 9 weeks.
The medium formulation and robust process modeling for PHA production by fermentation from industrial waste (ice cream residue) was studied by employing novel crossed experimental design.
A crossed design, mixture design combined with process factor (fermentation time), was performed to find the optimal medium formulation and process time.
Second, medium formulation and aeration rate were optimized, and E. coli BL15 could efficiently convert the renewable substrate glucose to acetoin, one precursor of TMP, with 68.4 g/L by fed-batch fermentation, the record of acetoin production using E. coli.
In this work, we demonstrate the development of a defined motoneuron and muscle co-culture system resulting in the formation of NMJs including: 1) a new culture technique, 2) a novel serum-free medium formulation and 3) a synthetic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) substrate N-1 [3- trimethoxysilyl) propyl] diethylenetriamine (DETA).
Hence, after optimizing all the medium formulation and physical parameters, a tenfold increase in endo-1,4-β xylanase synthesis was observed (Fig. 5).
Generally, strain selection or improvement by genetic modification, optimization of medium formulation, and fermentation conditions are the main options to improve enzyme activity and reduce production cost [ 5, 6, 10, 15].
The increasing demands for biologicals necessitates improved productivity from CHO cells and the methods currently applied include optimization of culture conditions (temperature, pH, aeration rate, etc)., improved reactor designs, medium formulation and cell engineering.
