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For the switch, the cells were rinsed three times with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in S-MEM (low Ca2+ minimum essential medium for suspension culture) (Invitrogen) which contains less than 5 µM total Ca2+, at 37°C for 30 or 120 minutes.
To study formation of epithelial TJs and AJs, confluent SK-CO15 monolayers were first depolarized by overnight incubation in LCM (calcium-free Eagle's minimum essential medium for suspension culture (Sigma) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, 14 mM NaHCO3, 40 µg/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, 5 µM CaCl2 and 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum, pH 7.4).
The main difference between our approach and that of Dontu and colleagues [ 8] is that we used the same medium for suspension and adherent cell culture, and we omitted basic fibroblast growth factor.
These cell lines can be easily adapted to serum-free suspension culture by gradually exchanging the medium to a serum-free, chemically defined medium for suspension cells (data not shown).
Cells from the human cervical carcinoma HeLa S3 cell line were cultured in a spinner flask with Eagle's minimal essential medium for suspension cultures (S-MEM; Sigma, St . Louis MO) containing 10% calf serum.
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The tissues were then incubated for 20 min at 37°C in MEM (minimum essential medium) modified for suspension culture (Life Technologies) plus 0.25% trypsin (Life Technologies).
For virus production, about 5x107 HeLa-H1 cells (Flow laboratories, Irvine, Scotland) were seeded per 1 L minimum essential medium modified for suspension (Sigma, Vienna, Austria), containing 7% heat inactivated horse serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin (all from Gibco, Rockville, MD) and grown at 25 rpm in a 2 L spinner flask (Bellco, Vineland, NJ) at 37oC for 4 days.
Mouse thioglycolate-stimulated (3%, Sigma-Aldrich) peritoneal macrophages were harvested from Apoe−/− and Apoe−/− Fcer1a−/− mice, cultured in plasma-free medium for 2 h, suspension cells removed, adhesive macrophages harvested, and macrophage purity examined using FACS with anti-CD11b-FITC and anti-F4/80-APC mAbs (Caltag Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).
The best producing clone for each construct was grown in PowerCHO-2CD medium in suspension for large-scale production of protein.
Using a buffered physiological medium containing 150 mM Cl- for suspension of ferret red cells and Cl as tracer [ 8] found a ratio of 1.50 for external to internal chloride concentration, i.e. a somewhat lower intracellular chloride concentration than in the present study after separation of erythrocytes from 110 120 mM Cl- in plasma.
The culture medium was replaced with Apt-NR-PLGA NPs suspension medium for 1 3 h at 37°C.
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