In line with the componential theory of creativity, self-perception theory and recent research on the Proteus Effect, we investigate how avatars, which are virtual representations of the self, may be a medium for stimulating creativity.
Due to the potential confounding effects of FBS present in conditioned medium for stimulating T cell migration directly, we generated conditioned medium from osteoclasts cultured for 48 h in the absence of serum but supplemented with M-CSF and RANKL; conditions which did not adversely affect osteoclast viability as assessed by cellular morphology (data not shown).
We thank Mike Herman for stimulating discussions.
We thank Ines Wilhelm and Susanne Diekelmann for stimulating discussions.
Citrus is excellent for stimulating the senses.
Mouse and human DC, and human PBMC were seeded at 2×105 cells/well in complete RPMI medium, and stimulated for 4 24 h at 37°C with 0.001 1000 ng/mL of the TLR4 agonists as indicated in the figure legends.
The following day, cells from each condition were washed of cytokines with PBS×2 and then resuspended in RPMI-10%HAB medium and stimulated for 12 hours by an HIV gag peptide pool (see above) or control antigen (DMSO) in the presence of monensin and 1 µg/ml of anti-CD49d and CD-28 antibodies for co-stimulation (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA).
PBMC (6×106 cells/ml) in culture medium were stimulated for 18 to 20 hours with peptides (PfCS102, 10 µg/ml, plus HLA-A2 and/or HLA-A3 CTL peptides, 5 µg/ml each) in the presence of brefeldin A (10 µg/ml, Sigma) during the last four hours of culture.
Cells were placed in regular culture medium and stimulated for 12 h with 0.5 μg/mL Pam 3CSK4 (Invivogen, San Diego, CA) or with 5 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL rhTNF-α (R&D Systems).
RASFs were plated in 12- and 24-well plates (5 × 10 and 3 5 × 10 cells/well) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, and stimulated for the indicated time points with the following agents: lipopolysaccharide (LPS from Escherichia coli J5; SIGMA, St Louis, MO, USA), recombinant purified Sema4A (human4218-P01, humAbnovanova, Taiwan).
As shown in Figure 1B, there was little to no change in c-Myb protein levels in cells that were deprived (Depr) by growing them in estrogen-free medium or stimulated (Stim) for 24 hr with beta-estradiol.
