CO2 corrosion can appear in two principal forms: pitting (localized attack that results in rapid penetration and removal of metal at a small discrete area) [23] and mesa attack (a form of localized CO2 corrosion under medium-flow conditions) [24].
These FLCs were cultured under different medium flow rate conditions, and the effects of the flow rates on cell growth and the hepatic functions of the FLCs were investigated.
In this frame, the present work focused on low and medium flow rate conditions, at which the formation takes place in a periodic manner, in contrast to aperiodic or double periodic modes.
This paper describes a coupled thermo-hydraulic numerical model completely thermodynamically consistent and designed to simulate artificial ground freezing of a saturated and non-deformable porous medium under seepage flow conditions.
Under dynamic conditions, medium flow through the channels improves nutrient availability to the cells on the various layers, drastically increasing cell proliferation on all layers.
Furthermore, similar to leukocytes, MSC seem to be recruited preferentially in low flow (capillaries) or medium flow (venules) vessels providing optimal haemodynamic conditions, that is, wall shear rate (Long et al, 2004).
Finally, glucocorticoid receptor, AhR nuclear translocator, and PXR were expressed in cultured hepatocytes at a level close to that observed in FIH, and their expression was not sensitive to medium flow when compared with normal culture conditions, while AhR expression was slightly increased.
After 16 h of treatment, cells were submitted to flow conditions in complete culture medium with a shear stress at 0.8 dyne/cm (speed 0.6 mL/min) and two different flow times, 10 min and 24 h.
In another series of investigations, it was shown that use of fed-batch culture conditions preceding the onset of medium flow for continuous culture of a different hybridoma cell line can alter the resulting steady state achieved [ 6, 21].
Another problem was to identify parameters of plant debris for various flow conditions (e.g. for low, medium and flood flows).
