The whole area of the active medium cross-section can be used, and consequently the laser efficiency will be increased.
To approximate a semi-infinite medium the slab cross section was set to 10 x 10 cm.
The effects of attached mass, lower and higher vibrational mode, elastic medium, piezoelectric coefficient, dielectric coefficient, cross section coefficient, non-homogeneity parameter and small scale parameter on the natural frequency are investigated.
To study the S11(1535) resonance in the nuclear medium, the total cross sections of the (7, U) reactions on C, Al and Cu are measured for photon energies between 680 and I000 MeV.
For example, the plasma sheath at low and medium pressures is examined by constant cross section (p = 0); the constant collision frequency for momentum transfer (p = −1) is considered for higher pressures, and for argon plasma in the range of 3 300 eV, p is −0.25.
The main advantage of ion beams (70 400 MeV/amu) stems from their property to penetrate tissues over several centimeters and deposit the maximum energy at the end of their track, where the ionization cross section of the medium is extremely large and at a depth dependent from their initial energy, forming the so called Bragg peak in a depth dose profile (Schardt et al. 2010).
A 2D simulation along a cross section of the 3D medium has a much lighter computational load.
Cheng [10] investigated the behaviour of boundary layer flow over a horizontal cylinder of elliptic cross section in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid.
Indeed, the effective plasmon scattering cross section is strongly affected by the medium's refractive index and the plasmon peak intensity decreases for higher medium refractive index [38].
Recent measurements of the total photo absorption cross section show clear evidence of nuclear medium effects on nucleon resonances.
