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This experiment was designed to examine the performance of Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Jersey × Holstein-Friesian (J × HF) cows within a high concentrate input total confinement system (CON) and a medium concentrate input grazing system (GRZ).
This 2 × 2 factorial design experiment was conducted to compare the performance of spring-calving Holstein dairy cows (HOL, n = 34) with Swedish Red × Jersey/Holstein crossbred (SR × J/HOL, n = 34) dairy cows within low and medium concentrate input grassland-based dairy systems.
A low concentrate (LC) TMR (80% CS, 20% concentrate; 12.4% CP, 35% NDF), a medium concentrate (MC) TMR (60% CS, 40% concentrate; 12.3% CP. 28% NDF), and a high concentrate (HC TMRR (40% CS, 60% concentrate; 12.6% CP, 25% NDF), were fed once per day.
Treatments were: Low concentrate (LC), where each cow received 4 kg concentrate and 10 kg dry matter (DM) pasture per day; medium concentrate (MC), where each cow received 7 kg concentrate and 7 kg DM pasture per day; high concentrate (HC), where each cow received 10 kg concentrate and 5 kg DM pasture per day.
Cell lysates, the incubation medium concentrate, and FBS were separated in 4 12% polyacrylamide gels (Invitrogen) and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane.
Purified CD4+ T cells were cultured in Yssel's medium (Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with Yssel medium concentrate plus penicillin/streptomycin) supplemented with 1 % human AB serum (Red Cross Finland Blood Service).
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Pooled medium concentrated 12-fold by dialysis and freeze-drying was assayed for sulphated glycosaminoglycans, using shark cartilage chondroitin sulphate as standards.
The analysis of culture medium concentrated by centrifugation in CsCl 1.5 g/mL, in the presence or absence of UTP, indicated that fractions enriched in apomucin 5AC contained carbohydrates like sialic acid and 5(d)), with a similar pattern distribution and immunoreactive intensity– 5(d)).
As previous studies have shown the influence of donors' diet on in vitro fermentation, cultures were inoculated with ruminal fluid from four sheep fed a medium-concentrate diet (MC; 50 50 hay:concentrate) or a high-concentrate diet (HC; 15:85 barley straw:concentrate) in a cross-over experimental design.
We are not aware of a secreted molecule of importance that could have been removed by the method we have used to produce conditioned medium and concentrate it for in vivo use.
The viruses were collected by centrifugation at 50,000 × g for 2 h at 20°C and then resuspended in Neurobasal medium to concentrate the viruses (12-fold).
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