However, the unique characteristics of nowadays MHWN, such as distributed and dynamic network architecture, broadcast nature of wireless medium and stringent resource constraints of wireless devices, makes it extremely attractive and vulnerable to malicious attacks.
However, the unique characteristics of MHWN, such as distributed and dynamic network architecture, broadcast nature of wireless medium and stringent resource constraints of wireless devices, make it subject to interference from other nearby communication system, malicious jammers, and other sources of noise.
The TCP split scheme was originally designed to separate the different mediums of wire and wireless in wireless cellular networks.
The essential idea of NC was further extended to wireless networks to explore the broadcast nature of wireless medium and to yield significant performance improvements in the wireless networks [5].
The message transformation time, i.e., puzzle solving time, should be sufficiently longer than the MAC layer access delay of 802.11 wireless LAN so that the different transmission rate on the wired and wireless medium cannot impair the fairness in voting among the wired and wireless nodes [22].
Also, ACK packets that notify the wireless loss should go through wireless medium and this increases the detection failure probability and the notification delay further.
These are attackers that have no legitimate access to the MANET or the wireless mesh network but they have appropriate equipment to use the wireless medium and interfere with the operation of the network protocols.
The latter consist of a physical layer, i.e., a wireless medium, and a social overlay, where social encounters develop, forming combined cyber-physical, e.g., social-wireless networks, referred to as generalized networks [1].
Network coding [1] has been used in wired networks to increase the network capacity while its application in wireless relay-assisted networks [2, 3] can exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless medium and further increase the capacity.
Constraints on the energy, bandwidth, and connectivity of mobile devices and wireless communication medium complicate the timely and reliable access to public data.
