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Spermatozoa incubated in sp-TALP medium alone for 45 min were used for comparison.
Cells were then stimulated in fresh FBS-free medium containing human recombinant IL-1β (10 ng/ml), TNF-α (10 ng/ml), IL-4 (10 ng/ml), IgE (1 or 10 µg/ml) or vehicle (medium alone) for time periods specific to experiments, as mentioned below.
For proliferation and cytokines assay, cells (2×106 cells/ml) were cultured in triplicate with RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 2 mM L-glutamine, 5×10-5 M2-ME, 0.1 Mm nonessential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 10% FBS in the presence of 10 µg/ml IRBP161 180, 1 µg/ml Concanavalin A (Sigma) or medium alone for 72 hours.
Control cells were incubated in cell culture medium alone for 24 hours.
Cells kept in medium alone for the same time intervals showed only minimal levels of apoptosis.
Cartilage explants were cultured with mAbs (50 μg/ml) or medium alone for periods up to 21 days.
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Figure 2 Proliferation of HUVEC cells was induced by 10 ng/mL free-VEGF, or 20 ng/mL free-VEGF, or 10 ng/mL VEGF in NPs, or 20 ng/mL VEGF in NPs, or non-loaded NPs (NL-NPs) at the same concentration of PLGA with the application described above, and compared to culture medium alone (control) for 1-5 days.
PBMCs (106 cells/well) were incubated in medium containing HIV-1 (100 TCID50/well) and a 1∶20 dilution (0.5 mg/ml) of tenofovir or vehicle control gels, or medium alone (control) for 4 h.
In case of equinatoxin II treatment, gametocytes were incubated either with 0.05 mg ml−1 equinatoxin II in culture medium or in culture medium alone (control) for 10 min at 37°C after purification via Percoll gradient.
In order to assess the formation of microgametes after artificial removal of the EM, mature NF54 WT and PPLP2 gametocytes were incubated either with 0.05 mg ml−1 equinatoxin II (kindly provided by G. Anderluh, University of Ljubljana) in culture medium or in culture medium alone (control) for 10 min at 37°C.
In brief, 2 × 10 macrophages/well in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 40 μg/mL gentamicin sulfate and 2 mM L-glutamine were plated in 96-well plates and incubated with 100 μL of selected concentrations of MT-II (0.4 0.8 μM) diluted in medium or with the same volume of medium alone (control) for 1, 6, 12, and 24 h at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere (5% CO2).
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