20 However, few studies have directly examined racial/ethnic differences in diabetes medication utilisation.
The ATC medication database is the Australian standard for classifying medications at the generic level, and is a tool for medication utilisation research in many other countries [ 19].
Therefore, the medication utilisation pattern may have changed due to the warnings issued by the EMA (2013) and FDA (2011) with respect to metoclopramide and ondansetron, respectively.
Our study had countervailing strengths: First, BACH is a community-based racially/ethnically diverse sample suited to evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in medication utilisation.
The BACH cohort is well suited to evaluate disparities in treatment patterns due to its randomly sampled and community-based diverse racial/ethnic population, and availability of detailed information on medication utilisation.
Certainly, improving health professionals' knowledge of, and skills and confidence in medication utilisation has been recognised as key strategy in preventing medication misadventure and improving patient safety [ 19, 20], especially in older and non-English speaking persons [ 21].
The following keywords were searched in the title or abstract of the papers: "drug(s) use", "drug(s) utilization", "drug(s) utilisation", "drug(s) usage", "drug(s) consumption", "medication use", "medication utilization", "medication usage", "medication consumption", "medicine(s) use", "medicine usage", "medicine consumption", "self-medication", "over-the-counter".
In addition to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six types of variables are collected: demographic and other risk factors, psychosocial, hospital utilisation, community health utilisation, medication usage, and mortality variables.
Outcome assessments include Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ), EuroQol Group Questionnaire (EQ-5D), headache-day frequency, treatment satisfaction, headache-related healthcare resource utilisation (ie, healthcare professional visits, hospital admissions, medication use), onabotulinumtoxinA utilisation (ie, dose, sites), and safety/tolerability.
The HUBRO questionnaires covered socio-demographics, current and past health, lifestyle, health service utilisation, medication use and life events.
All inhabitants in Ullensaker municipality, Norway, aged 40 to 79 years receive the initial population-based postal survey questionnaire with questions about life style, general health, musculoskeletal pain, self-reported OA, comorbidities, health care utilisation, medication use, and functional ability.
