Secondary outcome variables include the following: headache intensity, headache-associated symptoms, medication used, cost of medication, health care utilization, change in general health status, study credibility, degree of headache related disability (MIDAS), and satisfaction with care.
Effect of electronic prescribing with formulary decision support on medication use and cost.
Self-management interventions might be even more beneficial if symptom control were accompanied by decreased medication use, reducing cost and potential side effects.
At 1 year, ILI significantly improved CVD risk factors, while at the same time reduced medication use and cost.
As shown in Table 2, cardiovascular risk parameters, medication use, and cost were not different between the two optimal-care groups at baseline.
Notably, medication use and cost decreased in the ILI optimal-care group at 1 year compared with baseline but increased in the DSE group.
Participants randomized to an ILI had significantly greater improvements in CVD risk parameters and reduced medication use and cost compared with those assigned to DSE.
The Look AHEAD intervention more than doubled the percentage of participants achieving optimal-care goals, while at the same time reduced medication use and cost.
Medication use and cost was slightly higher at baseline for participants meeting optimal-care goals compared with the overall study cohorts.
The DSE group experienced a more modest improvement in these parameters, and this occurred in the setting of increased medication use and cost.
