In response to the administration of the study medication, heart rate increased, while blood pressure values were essentially unchanged (Table 1, see also supplementary material).
Taking account of chronic disease status, use of medication, heart rate, metabolic health, and markers of inflammation, the robust association with increase in PWV over the follow-up suggests that adiposity is an important risk factor for aortic stiffening.
Table shows the cross-sectional difference and change in PWV associated with adiposity measures after controlling separately for disease status and antihypertensive medication, heart rate, metabolic factors, inflammatory markers, and all of the foregoing.
We examined the biological pathways linking adiposity with aortic stiffening in a series of models controlling for chronic disease, use of medication, heart rate, metabolic risk factors, and markers of inflammation.
We assessed the relation of these outcomes with predictor variables (FBG category [normal versus impaired versus diabetes] and IR) and clinical covariates (age, systolic blood pressure [BP], mild or greater aortic regurgitation, moderate or greater mitral regurgitation, antihypertensive medication, heart rate, and BMI).
However, the effects of disease pattern and intensive care measures (e.g. sepsis, medication) on heart rate and variability are poorly understood.
Further, women who were using medication influencing heart rate, or using β-blockers, were excluded, since they would have biased the results pertaining to heart rate.
In addition, women who were using medication influencing heart rate (β-blockers, sympathomimetics) were excluded, since they would have biased the results concerning heart rate.
Exclusion criteria were the following: no laboratory confirmation, age <18 years or >60 years, preexisting substantial heart or lung disease or concurrent medication affecting heart rate, e.g., β-blockers, β-agonists, calcium channel blockers, or xanthine derivatives.
Further models additionally adjusted for (1) chronic disease and antihypertensive medication, (2) heart rate, (3) serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, (4) C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and (5) all factors.
In order to reduce motion artifacts, the administration of either intravenous or oral beta-blocker medication for heart rate control has been proposed even for 64-slice CT systems [ 2– 6, 8, 11, 14].
