Given that the MDD group included some medicated patients, the results could not exclude a potential medication effect.
Although we found no difference (Fs<1), given the small sample size (unmedicated 7, medicated 18), this does not eliminate the possibility of a medication effect.
Our study is the first to clearly detect an AP medication effect on risk taking in bipolar disorder patients.
These differences in maintenance of response among ATX, GXR, and stimulants may reflect differences in mechanisms of action and persistence of the medication effect.
The well-described reduced frontal NAA in schizophrenia may not be a trait of the illness but may represent medication effect or progression of the disease.
Although the relapse rate of OCD is highly considerable, little is known regarding the relationship between neurocognitive dysfunction and the chronicity of the illness, mainly because there are confounding factors as the medication effect.
If there was a medication effect it is unknown if the medication itself, or non compliance with the medication, was associated with fall fatalities.
LCD also led to a greater reduction in antiglycaemic medications using a novel medication effect score (MES) based on medication potency and total daily dose; 70.6% of LCD versus 30.4% LFD + O decreased their MES by ≥50% (p = 0.01).
HbA1c, glycaemic variability (GV), anti-glycaemic medication effect score (MES, calculated based on the potency and dosage of diabetes medication), weight, body composition, CVD and renal risk markers were assessed before and after intervention.
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy had been recognized in hepatic disease, since the initial studies of portacaval shunting by Eck in 1877 [1], while non-hepatic hyperammonemic encephalopathy have been reported as rare cases, urea cycle disorder [2] medication effect such as cancer chemotherapeutics [3, 4] or valproic acid [5], and urinary tract infection [6] and after urinary tract diversion [7].
