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The results suggest that agglomerated nano-CuO is toxic and that exposure media are decisive in whether or not particles or free Cu ions are the main mediators of toxicity.
von Moos et al. [36] stated that free Cu2+ or the NPs themselves were the main mediators of toxicity toward C. reinhardtii, while Cheloni et al. [47] believed ion Cu at lower CuO NPs concentrations was the driving force, being unable to clarify the contribution of dissolved Cu in CuO NPs.
Interestingly, 13 out of the 51 identified pathways are known mediators of toxicity and cell death.
These species could therefore be excluded as the ultimate mediators of toxicity.
Studies of mouse models of HD have provided evidence that favored the view that N-terminal fragments of mutant htt could be mediators of toxicity.
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The CALUX cell bioassay is predicated on the AHR being the mediator of toxicity.
Also, DEPMPO-trappable radicals were generated at comparable rates and are therefore unlikely to be a direct mediator of toxicity.
New technologies, such as the "omics" (molecular imaging, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, etc)., present unique opportunities for understanding the molecular mechanism of disease initiation and the underlying effect of nutrition as a mediator of toxicity.
Although substrate reduction and lysosomal overload-decreasing therapies ameliorate or delay the development of disease (Cox, 2005; Elliot-Smith et al, 2008; Marshall et al, 2010), they do not always prevent lysosomal dysfunction, which ultimately leads to cell malfunction and tissue failure, suggesting that substrate accumulation is not the only mediator of toxicity.
While tau has been known to be involved in AD for many years, recently researchers have begun to view it as a critical mediator of toxicity in disease, setting aside the old paradigm in which extracellular Aβ plaques were considered the most important therapeutic target.
»…the rapid ascension of TGs as mediators of polyQ toxicity soon met with serious skepticism.« But the rapid ascension of TGs as mediators of polyQ toxicity soon met with serious skepticism.
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mediators of apoptosis
mediators of plant
mediators of airway
mediators of pathogenesis
mediators of migraine
mediators of treatment
mediators of cerebral
mediators of cell
mediators of integrin
mediators of insulin
mediators of interest
mediators of inflammation
mediators of host
mediators of change
mediators of spindle
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