We systematically describe and test a series of hypothesised mediating processes, seeking to identify not only which mediators are important but also their most plausible causal ordering.
Mast cell mediators are important in innate immunity, the transition to adaptive immunity and its strength of response, as well as the resolution of inflammation [43].
Perhaps other, here unmeasured, mediators are important for regeneration, or cytokine release during cell culture reflects a more general response to culture rather than a pathophysiological process.
We have found that activation of iFGFR1 within mammary epithelial cells results in the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as IL-1β and Cox-2, and that these mediators are important for iFGFR1-induced early-stage tumourigenesis.
The PI3K, AKT, ERK, and mTOR prosurvival mediators are important therapeutic targets, as they are constitutively activated in many cancers and contribute to cancer progression by promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting cell death signalling pathways (Falasca, 2010).
To understand whether these mediators are important in muscle wasting in cancer patients, levels of the phospho forms of PKR and eIF2 α have been determined in rectus abdominus muscle of weight losing patients with oesophago-gastric cancer, in comparison with healthy controls.
