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Indirect effects of mediating variables are estimated by the confidence intervals constructed through the bootstrapping procedure [ 36].
Indeed, it is essential that we know what mediating variables are relevant for particular outcomes in randomized clinical trials and that we design interventions to optimize change in the mediators of interest.
The theoretical approach focuses on action theory for how the program affects mediating variables and on conceptual theory for how mediating variables are related to tobacco use.
When all four mediating variables are entered into a parallel mediation model (Fig. 2, model 4 of the PROCESS macro [ 70]) there is no evidence of an indirect mediated effect between neurocognition and violence.
Mediating variables are important in a number of fields because they explain how and why two variables are related.
The mean, standard deviations and correlation among independent, dependent and mediating variables are presented in Table 2.
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The first applications of mediating variables were in psychological theories of how stimulus affects response and sociological studies of the transmission of parental social characteristics to their children.
The order in which mediating variables were included in the model was defined by the significance of its association with lung function.
When these private care mediating variables were entered into the fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model (Model 3, Table 4), the HRs for SES were all reduced, particularly in SES quintile 5 for PTCA and CABG.
When potential mediating variables were added, effects were reduced.
Mediating variables were assessed at age 11 (1958 cohort) or 10 (1970 cohort).
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