Three different Phalaenopsis orchid varieties were used for Agrobacterium- mediated transformation in this study.
This gene has been widely used and advocated for confirmation of A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation in hairy roots of various plant species [19, 20, 21, 24].
JNK proteins were thought to be required for Ras mediated transformation in vitro but were found unnecessary in an in vivo model using Ras transformed compound jnk1−/−/jnk2−/− 3T3 fibroblasts [8].
KT-D606 and CEP-1347, derived from K252, are more selective than their predecessors, and effectively suppress H-Ras-mediated transformation in immortalized fibroblasts.
To investigate if the cab11 and cab12 promoters from sugar beet drive reporter gene expression in transgenic plants, promoter reporter gene fusions were introduced via Agrobacterium mediated transformation in sugar beet (see Methods).
Recently, progress has been made on the efficiency of A. tumefaciens mediated transformation in cereals including wheat (reviewed by Sood et al. [ 4]), which may limit the number of copies inserted into the genome and therefore reduce (but not avoid) some of these complications.
This, taken together with the finding that RasV12- and RasV12S35-transduced HME16C cells were able to form tumors in nude mice, indicates that the Raf-MEK-Erk axis plays a crucial role in mediating transformation and tumorigenesis in this model.
To assess the role and dynamics of PKA and p38 in mediating transformation, we utilized changes in NHE1 activity as the transformation readout because we have previously demonstrated that stimulation of NHE1 occurs early in transformation and is necessary and sufficient for the further development of transformed phenotypes [48].
BGIBMGA010516 and BGIBMGA009925 were predicted to play roles in mediating transformation of serine to glycine in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway.
Protoplast mediated transformation generally results in multiple random insertions of the introduced DNA in the genome, therefore gene copy number of the TDR transformant was determined by southern blot analysis (Fig. 3b).
