The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is activated downstream of cytokines, growth factors and oncogenes to mediate their functions under both physiological and pathological conditions.
In addition to the cooperative action of VEGF and VEGF-C, their common activation of VEGFR/2 was reported to constitute an important way to mediate their functions.
We are only just beginning to refine our understanding of the different types of endoderm and the molecular mechanisms by which they mediate their functions in development.
SLIT proteins are secreted glycoproteins that mediate their functions by binding to the ROBO.
Most gene products mediate their functions within complex networks of interconnected macromolecules, forming a dynamic topological interactome [ 11, 12].
It is plausible that multiple stress kinases employ similar downstream mechanisms to mediate their functions, and perhaps do so in a context-dependent manner.
As activated Th1 cells mediate their functions via their signature cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNγ), the interferon gamma receptor (IFNγR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases by transmitting IFNγ signaling.
PTTG2 and PTTG3 contain several conserved motifs present in PTTG1 including two proline-rich domains at the C-terminus, suggesting that these genes might mediate their functions through the interaction with other proteins.
Nevertheless, and despite the extensive work done on the intracellular part of RANK through a panel of truncation constructs [ 43- 45], the exact intracellular molecules that are able to interact with the novel RANK isoforms (for example TRAFs) and mediate their functions, are still to be identified.
These proteins have been demonstrated to mediate their functions, at least in part, by repressing the neurogenic bHLH factor Ngn2 that contributes to the terminal differentiation of MNs, and by inhibiting the maturation of OLPs, at least in the optic nerve.
