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IL-17A may trigger apoptosis directly in tubular cells or indirectly by mediating the production of other factors.
The APR serves to reset homeostasis after the ensuing inflammation by mediating the production of acute phase proteins from hepatocytes[8], [11], [12].
However, additional studies are needed to define the contribution of other S. aureus global regulators of virulence in mediating the production of IFN-γ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Furthermore, the contribution and roles of STAT6 in mediating the production of IL-5 and eotaxins and in the development of eosinophils in the bone marrow, their release into blood and in the progression of eosinophilic inflammation remains poorly characterized.
In addition, nucleosomes play a pivotal role in the development of kidney lesions by mediating the production and binding of autoantibodies to basal membranes [60].
This highly specific expression pattern suggests that ID1 has a role in mediating the production or the transmission of a leaf-derived floral inductive signal [ 10].
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Osteoarthritis increases the expression of leptin and leptin receptors in chondrocytes [ 49], suggesting that physiologic levels of leptin may mediate the production of inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritic but not normal tissue.
The "denial of African accomplishment in rice systems," Carney writes, "provides a stunning example of how power relations mediate the production of history".
Activated CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs) have cytolytic effect and also mediate the production of cytokines like interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Seder and Hill, 2000).
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on macrophages can recognize pathogen-associated-molecular patterns (PAMPs) on Mtb and mediate the production of immune-regulatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and type I Interferons (IFNs).
Macrophages also express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize conserved pathogen-associated-molecular patterns (PAMPs) on Mtb to mediate the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and type I Interferons (IFNs) (Bhatt and Salgame, 2007; Hayashi et al., 2001; Killick et al., 2013).
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