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If the Kapβ2 RAM interaction is mediating nuclear entry, then inhibiting Kapβ2 expression should reduce RAM nuclear localization.
These data suggest a model in which KPNB1 plays a necessary role in mediating nuclear entry of the PER/CRY complex in core clock regulation.
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Binding to an Importin-α molecule in the cytoplasm is often required to mediate nuclear entry of a signaling protein.
This NLS has the ability to mediate nuclear entry by either the importin/karypherin beta1 or the transportin/karyopherin beta2 pathways.
2) The authors showed that knockdown of ketel (fly homolog of KPNB1) in clock cells made flies arrhythmic via inhibiting nuclear translocation of PER, hence claiming KPNB1 mediates nuclear entry of PER.
As independent evidence that Kapβ2 mediates nuclear entry of RAM, cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding Myc-tagged M9M, a chimaeric PY-NLS peptide which adheres to Kapβ2 effectively blocking cargo binding [ 17].
Since importin β mediates nuclear entry of CyclinB1-Cdk1 [ 58, 59], increased binding among these proteins could simply be a consequence of G2,M status, during which the mitotic kinase must be shuttled into the nucleus.
To fulfill this role, PERs have been suggested to act through multiple mechanisms, including mediating CRY nuclear entry, coupling CRYs to CLOCK-BMAL1, and competing with FBXL3 to stabilize CRYs.
It mediates nuclear import of Hsp70 (Kose et al., 2012).
Surprisingly, with regard to E2-mediated proliferation, enzalutamide, which works by impairing androgen-mediated AR nuclear entry, gives a completely different result than the traditional anti-androgen, bicalutamide.
The modulation of the IN complex architecture by LEDGF/p75 occurs upon nuclear entry, is mediated through the C-terminus of LEDGF/p75 and is at least in part independent of chromatin tethering (Fig. 4C,D).
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