Chronic inflammation can lead to the production of chemical intermediates, among them NO, which in turn can mediate damage to DNA.
Heme itself is also able to mediate damage to cells via its hydrophobic quality and oxidative reactivity; yet, while the mechanism of Fur-mediated iron regulation is well understood, heme regulation in P. aeruginosa has not been studied in depth.
However, it is still unclear whether STAT1 mediates damage to OHCs in cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
During RA, FLSs undergo proliferation and contribute to the formation of the deleterious pannus, which mediates damage to articular cartilage and bone.
During a normal immune response, CD8+ T cells kill infected cells, while in MS they can mediate damage to CNS cells.
In an experimental model designed to mimic postischemic reperfusion damage to renal mitochondria, it was demonstrated that reactive oxygen species act synergistically with Ca2+ to activate mitochondrial phospholipase A2, which mediates damage to site I of the electron transport chain, the F1F0 ATPase, and the adenine nucleotide translocase.
Stx is a member of the AB5 family of bacterial toxins [16], composed of an enzymatically active A-subunit that mediates damage to the host through the inhibition of protein synthesis [17], and a ring of identical B-subunits that surround the C-terminus of the A-subunit [18], [19].
This results in damage to the vessel wall itself, to increased permeability and to IgG-mediated damage to the tissues.
Thus after amplification hundreds of C3b molecules are generated which bind to nearby cells and mediate damage to healthy cells by opsonization to phagocytic cells [ 39].
In contrast, at high concentrations, ROS can be mediate damage to cell structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins and nucleic acids; this damage is often referred as "oxidative stress" (Poli et al 2004).
