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The third mechanism is by mediating adhesion to cells [34], thereby, facilitating the initiation of biofilm formation.
Contrary to previous reports, we show that, like PilC1, the meningococcal PilC2 component is capable of mediating adhesion to human ME180 epithelial cells, with cortical plaque formation and F-actin condensation.
Thus, LTA would be complexed to a protein(s) other than M proteins and confer hydrophobicity, whereas one or more members of the M protein family would enhance biofilm formation by mediating adhesion to cells and bacterial aggregation.
Those data showed that E-selectin played an important role mediating adhesion to HSE cells, although a non-E-selectin dependent basal adhesion (higher for C31 than for control cells) existed.
Therefore, following monocyte migration largely mediated through CXCR4, CXCR7 features prominently in mediating adhesion to platelets, phagocytic uptake of platelets and in substantiating monocyte survival.
Recent data indicate that sequence variation in the gene mediating adhesion to epithelial cells coincides with the immune response in patients and that changes in this gene occur rapidly with persistent infection (14 ).
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Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are modular, highly repetitive outer membrane proteins that mediate adhesion to external surfaces in many Gram-negative bacteria.
More recently these pilus components were shown to mediate adhesion to human pharyngeal and skin cells and participate in biofilm formation [102], [103].
Taken together, we show that, unlike PilC1 that enables meningococcal attachment to many epithelial or endothelial cells, the meningococcal PilC2 protein selectively mediates adhesion to restricted cell types.
Proline-rich repeat motifs in fungal and bacterial proteins can mediate adhesion to host cells [41], [42], most notably the C. albicans Hwp1 protein [9].
The TibA protein encodes a glycosylated autotransporter that mediates adhesion to surface epithelial cells, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation [ 22, 23].
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