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Given the inherent technical challenges of staining-based immunodetection, this approach allows one to determine only whether or not a certain targeting peptide mediates cell internalization of a phage particle in a non-quantitative or at best, semi-quantitative manner.
Nonetheless, these results, together with the analysis of rosette formation and cell movement at early stages, suggest that rosette formation not only mediates cell internalization, but also contributes to the organization of tissue movements in the surface layer, including those that generate superficial bilateral symmetry.
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Here we studied the endocytic processes that mediate cell internalization of the CGTs.
Here we studied the endocytic processes that mediate cell internalization of the CGTs, using pharmacological substances and genetical approaches that impair certain endocytic pathways.
Developmentally regulated apical contractile flow is an important mechanism to mediate gastrulation and cell internalization [ 3, 24, 29].
Even without hyperthermia the functionalization of MNPs mediated an anti-cancer effect which was highest when the cell internalization moiety and cytotoxic agent were combined.
The critical role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in mediating cell binding and internalization of polymer-coated AdV was also demonstrated by evaluating transduction in HSPG-defective recombinant CHO cells.
The peptide can increase the permeability of tumor cells, mediate cellular internalization and extravasation, and enhance deep tissue penetration to improve the imaging sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy mediated by integrins and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) receptors [ 3, 23, 30].
The same applies to mAbs conjugated to toxins or drugs, since internalization of a mAb conjugated to a toxin or drug is required to mediate cell-killing.
Although GROs bind solubilized nucleolin in cell extracts, surface nucleolin does not seem to mediate their internalization into intact cells (A.G.H. unpublished results).
10.7554/eLife.09545.023 Figure 9. Fucosylation mediates CT internalization and intoxication in a human colonic epithelial cell line.
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