PI3K activity mediates activation of the kinase AKT, which phosphorylates and thereby deactivates forkhead transcription factors (FOXOs).
In this system, PAK1 mediates activation of its own catalytic activity, thus forming a positive feedback loop [ 137].
It is generally accepted that the EP1 receptor activates phospholipase C PLCC), which mediates activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and elevation of cytosolic free calcium [ 14].
TNF-R2 also mediates NF-kB activation through the TRAF pathway [31], however, in hepatocytes only TNFR1 mediates activation of NF-kB [32].
TPL-2 (tumour progression locus 2) [also known as MAP3K8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8) and COT (cancer Osaka thyroid)] mediates activation of ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) 1 and 2 MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) by Toll-like receptors and the receptors for TNF (tumour necrosis factor) and interleukin 1β in macrophages [ 1].
Calcium release mediates activation of the protease m-calpain that cleaves and activates caspase 12 and initates the caspase cascade [ 44].We have determined, however, that calpain activity does not play a role in the apoptotis associated with skeletal myoblast apoptosis (Shaltouki and Weyman, manuscript in preparation).
Deng, J. et al. Translational repression mediates activation of nuclear factor κB by phosphorylated translation initiation factor 2.
Helling, B. et al. A specific CD4 epitope bound by tregalizumab mediates activation of regulatory T cells by a unique signaling pathway.
Using differentially phosphorylated recombinant proteins we found that phosphotyrosine 686 preferentially mediates binding and 663 mediates activation of SHP-2 by PECAM-1.
Here we report that, in response to IGF-1 stimulation, beta-arrestin1 mediates activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in a pathway that leads to the subsequent activation of Akt and anti-apoptosis.
How CXCL12 mediates activation of Itk is still only partially known.
