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Several intracellular pathways are mediated upon activation of EGFR and/or HER2 by EGF.
Estrogen signaling is classically mediated upon the binding of two soluble intracellular receptors, ERα and ERβ [ 8]; the splice variant ERβ1 is wild-type ERβ.
Biologic activities of IFNs are mediated upon interaction with specific cell surface receptors and activation of intracellular signalling cascades (Ransohoff, 1998).
The estimates for incident type 2 diabetes were mediated upon adjustment for BMI in the whole-population HR and 95% CI for frequent breakfast intake (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.63 1.07]) and daily intake (0.81 [0.81–1.0.81.
The biologic effects of IL-33 are mediated upon binding to T1/ST2 and the recruitment of IL-1RAcP, the common co-receptor of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9.
Importantly, the effects appear to be mediated upon cognitive processes, rather than confounders such as affective behaviour or locomotion which are broadly unchanged by 11β-HSD1 deficiency (although aspects of locomotion at least are clearly impacted by ageing per se [312]).
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To further interrogate drug mediated effects upon HIF, we next evaluated the effects of these agents upon VEGF secretion.
Through its ability to interact with these kinases, TSAd primes Itk for Lck mediated phosphorylation upon CXCL12 stimulation, promoting actin polymerization and T cell migration.
Immune deficient mice lacking CD103 fail to suppress T cell mediated colitis upon transfer of Tregs, pointing towards a role of CD103+ DCs in maintaining intestinal immune homoestasis [ 86].
The biological activities mediated by CD44 upon binding to hyaluronic acid are mainly through interacting with regulatory and adaptor molecules, such as SRC kinases, Rho GTPases, VAV2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-associated-binding protein 1 (Gankyrinnkyrin, and ezrin [15 17].
Collectively, these observations raised the strong possibility that MSP1, MSP6 and MSP7 processing are all directly mediated by PfSUB1 upon its release into the PV.
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