We examined the Arabidopsis μ subunit (accession No. At5G46630; AtAP-2 μ) reported to be involved in receptor mediated trafficking in plants [48].
Recruitment of PICK1 has been demonstrated as a key step in PKCα mediated trafficking of AMPA receptors via direct interaction with PKCα and the AMPA receptor subunits GluR1-GluR4 [19] in the PDZ domain of PICK1.
For example, microtubule mediated trafficking and cell motility are inhibited during mitosis since centrosome and mitotic spindle mediated chromosome segregation requires dramatic reorganization of microtubules.
Indeed, ubiquitin-harboring model membrane proteins, which are generally employed to analyze ubiquitin-mediated traffic, are able to reach the plasma membrane [21], indicating that some molecules ubiquitinated inside the cells might be transported to the plasma membrane.
In addition to its critical role in cell-cell adhesion, via direct interaction with the dynactin protein complex, α-catenin can regulate dynactin-dynein-mediated traffic and integrate the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons during intracellular trafficking events.
In order for parasites to transport parasite proteins to the host RBC membrane, parasites have expanded the classical secretory pathway by exporting machinery into the RBC that controls vesicle-mediated traffic.
Medical therapy is with mesalamine compounds, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and/or biologics that target TNFα signaling or α4-integrin-mediated trafficking.
Furthermore, combining miRNA target data with protein-protein interaction data may be a broadly applicable strategy to define the effects of exosome-mediated trafficking of regulatory molecules within the tumor microenvironment.
Key steps in vesicle-mediated trafficking include recruitment of specific cargo proteins, which must collect locally where a vesicle forms, and release of an appropriate cargo-containing vessel from the donor organelle (Figure 1).
Disruption of the golgin network or knock down of Scyl1 would thus disrupt retrograde COPI-mediated trafficking.
It seems, therefore, that Ubp2 has a role in modulating Rsp5-mediated trafficking of various types of membrane associated cargo.
