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The precise mechanism(s) by which trastuzumab exerts its anti-tumor effects is unknown, although it is probably multi-factorial, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity [ 13], downregulation of HER-2 signaling following antibody mediated receptor internalization [ 14], inhibition of cell proliferation and survival signals [ 15, 16], and interference with DNA repair [ 17].
We further investigated whether fiber mediated receptor masking is a general mechanism in adenovirus infection.
β-arrestin1 S412D mutant cannot target receptors to clathrin-coated pits, thus disturbs β-arrestin1 mediated receptor endocytosis.
For CRAD to be efficient in cancer cell killing, fiber mediated receptor masking needs to be counteracted.
Fiber mediated receptor masking provides a relative "protection" from progeny virus infection to the non-infected bystander cells.
Besides CAR binding Ad5, Ad4 and Ad37, fiber mediated receptor masking was also detected during infection with CD46 binding Ad11 and Ad35 under our conditions.
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Based on those complex structures, we conduct computational characterization and design of RBD-mediated receptor recognition and antibody neutralization.
We performed antibody-mediated receptor blocking experiments to show that BAd3 internalization was independent of coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor, the primary determinant of HAd5 tropism, or integrin ανβ3, a secondary molecule involved in HAd5 entry.
When considered in light of our previously published nuclear magnetic resonance structure data, the data presented herein suggest that the one, five and six positions of the substance P backbone are key structural residues that govern the relative degree of tachykinin peptide-mediated receptor signaling and desensitization.
MDC inhibits clathrin-mediated receptor internalization by stabilizing clathrin cage assembly, preventing clathrin polymerization [57], [58].
However, total raft area significantly influences the range of dimerization-mediated receptor enrichment in lipid rafts.
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