As presented in Figures 5b and c, disruption of either endogenous Smad4 or Smad2 in zinc-stimulated LNCaP cells resulted in apparent reduction either in zinc-induced p21 WAF1/Cinductiontior or in the zinc-mediated proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase.
Since this sum is not in general equal to the total causal effect, these proportions are not analogous to the "proportion mediated" typically calculated in settings with one mediator (Pearl, 2001).
Had the treatment continued after complete granulation, maybe a better proportion mediated would be obtained, given that mechanisms 3 and 4 could have worked longer.
The key to understanding the divergent results for proportion mediated versus variance explained measures and for the asymmetry of the direct and indirect effect, is that the direct and indirect effect are heavily interdependent.
As demonstrated by simulation studies (MacKinnon, Warsi and Dwyer, 1995), the proportion mediated suffers from instability and bias in small samples, so it needs large samples (N > 500) to perform well.
Pushed by the governments, the proportion of mediated cases among all cases admitted by labor arbitral institutes remained stubbornly high during this period (see Fig. 3).
Which species of ants are involved in EFN-mediated interactions and what proportion of the ant community do they represent?
Exploiting prior knowledge of a query protein likely to be involved in a SLiM-mediated interaction increased the proportion of true positives correctly returned and reduced the proportion of datasets returning a false positive prediction.
The tests used were surrogate final end point correlation, receiver operating characteristic curves to discriminate healers from nonhealers, validation tests using logistic regression models, and the proportion-mediated estimation.
The proportion-mediated (using PC estimators) for 2 weeks >50% granulation and EOT >75% granulation were 1.008 955% CI 0.933 1.083) and 1.043 (0.946 1.142), respectively, both very close to 1, suggesting that almost 100% of the effect of the treatment on complete healing may have been mediated by the formation of granulation tissue.
