Our results are consistent with historical records of the movement of grapevines and plant-mediated introductions of E. necator into Europe, California, and Australia.
Rhizophora mangle of Atlantic Panama and Hawaii are grouped together (BS 93%; PP 98%), consistent with its human mediated introduction to Hawaii from the Atlantic source populations [ 20].
The first record of an alien species may be the result of a human-mediated introduction of that species into a region, or a consequence of previous introductions into neighbouring areas and subsequent natural spread into adjacent regions.
In this study, by lentivirus-mediated introduction of CXCR4 and IL-35 genes to modify rat BMSCs, we observed enhanced migration and strengthened immunomodulatory activities of the genetically engineering BMSCs.
As to gene silencing, bombardment-mediated introduction of dsRNA corresponding to endogenous genes or transgenes in cells of maize, barley and wheat leaves proved to induce interference with gene function but restricted to the single cell where the delivery is achieved (Schweizer et al. 2000).
TAP-tagged strains were constructed by PCR-mediated introduction of the tag to the 3'-end of the gene.
Although the first human-mediated introduction of species in the Baltic Sea occurred in the eleventh to twelfth century, species invasions have become a problem during the past two decades, especially with intensified invasion of alien species from the Ponto-Caspian region.
In this study, we induced highly reactive Tregs from CD4+ T cells by retrovirus-mediated introduction of FoxP3 and Bcl-xL.
Recent studies have been focused on the development of techniques for enhancing reprogramming efficiency, such as retrovirus-mediated introduction of transcription factors, lentiviral transduction, adenoviral infection, transient plasmid delivery, protein transduction system, and mRNA-mediated introduction [3 8].
Conditional deletion of the hypothalamic IPMK gene in the arcuate nucleus by adenoviral-mediated introduction of Cre recombinase into the floxed-IPMK gene, in mouse brain, aberrantly increases hypothalamic AMPK signaling activity under ad libitum conditions.
Valleys may act as paths of least resistance for local vector- or reservoir-mediated introduction of the virus into British Columbia from Washington (27, 28 ) or by migrating birds along the Pacific Flyway (29 ).
