Examples of systemically mediated impacts on population health include famine, conflicts, and the consequences of large-scale adverse economic effects due to reduced human and environmental productivity.
Most of these studies have emphasized above-ground interactions, largely overlooking plant soil biota interactions and the indirect, plant-mediated impacts of soil biota on above-ground herbivores [5, 8, 9].
These landscape-mediated impacts of syrphids on aphids were not evident when data were aggregated into annual averages, a common metric in research on pest control services.
This study examined the environmentally-mediated impacts of four notable risk factors for depression and fatigue, in Sri Lanka, where some of these risks are especially prevalent.
A number of studies have investigated the allelopathic and/or soil-mediated impacts of this species and found variable results ranging from strong (Roberts and Anderson 2001; Stinson et al. 2006) to relatively weak (Burke 2008) to neutral effects (McCarthy and Hanson 1998).
In an investigation of possible stress-mediated impacts on immune function, swine CAFO neighbors had lower average concentration and secretion of salivary immunoglobulin A during periods of moderate to high odor (Avery et al. 2004).
We have also highlighted the potential negative implications of literacy-related stigma for people's mental wellbeing which could perhaps be seen as an example of a 'direct' (i.e. not just service-mediated) impact of low literacy on health.
The concept illustrated by ILUC - that of indirect and/or market- or otherwise mediated impacts - is a component of planning beyond the bioenergy discourse, but part of the wider discussion of land management.
In contrast, proximity from a range of human-mediated influences (e.g. the number of outfalls and ports) seem to be related to the loss of seagrass; the rate of seagrass erosion between 2003 and 2012 was significantly predicted by the number of human-mediated impacts around each meadow.
Consequently, the impacts of paternally mediated factors on birth size have been largely unstudied (Cordier 2008; Shah and Knowledge Synthesis Group on Determinants of Preterm/Low Birthweight Births 2010).
