We recently reported a β3-decapeptide, βWWI-1, that binds a validated gp41 model in vitro and inhibits gp41-mediated fusion in cell culture.
CtrIncA mutant containing only the N-terminal SNARE-like motif (CtrIncA1 141) inhibited endocytic SNARE-mediated fusion in a dose-dependent manner similar to the full-length protein (Fig. 2A).
For SNARE-mediated fusion in vivo, there would be a minimum of two discrimination events.
In agreement with this conclusion, adding GTP, which is required for activating mitofusin, greatly enhance the network formation (Supplementary information, Figure S12 and Movie S24), further supporting the role of mitofusin-mediated fusion in KIF5B-mediated network formation.
In influenza-virus fusion, tight packing of proteins on the viral surface probably makes a transition from stalk or other point-contact intermediate to diaphragm even less likely than in SNARE-mediated fusion, in which protein coverage of the fusing membranes is sparser.
The different cell types, constructs and expression levels of CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5 could have accounted for the relative differences between inhibition of X4 versus R5 envelope mediated fusion observed in our studies.
All mutants grew in and mediated fusion of virus-infected C6/36 cells, but three of the mutants, KK122/123EE, E202K, G304K, did not grow in Vero cells without further modification.
These vesicles are then competent to undergo Ca2+ mediated fusion with the plasma membrane, in response to neuronal stimulation.
Munc13 proteins have been widely studied for their role in promoting SNARE mediated fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs).
In addition, the hybrids of HepG2 cells and MSCs after PEG mediated fusion are more metastatic in vivo than MSCs and HepG2 [ 23].
Kikuchi K, Hettmer S, Aslam MI, Michalek JE, Laub W, Wilky BA, Loeb DM, Rubin BP, Wagers AJ, Keller C. Cell-cycle dependent expression of a translocation-mediated fusion oncogene mediates checkpoint adaptation in rhabdomyosarcoma.
