Inhibition of mTOR mediates, for instance, nutrient starvation-induced autophagy, thereby coordinately regulating the balance between cell growth and autophagy in response to stress signals (Wouters and Koritzinsky, 2008; Janku et al, 2011).
They can mediate structural changes, for instance by promoting DNA recombination.
The regulation of catalytic activity by the C-terminal domain could be mediated via differential modification, for instance phosphorylation or SUMOylation, or could be linked to the extensive differences in primary sequence between the two C-terminal domains.
Responses to oxidative stress can be mediated through gene expression, for instance via the redox sensitive cysteine-containing FOXO4 transcription factor.
Once in the nucleus, Ca2+ signals directly regulate signaling pathways distinct from those mediated by cytosolic Ca2+, for instance they stimulate the intranuclear activity of PKC [ 22] and CaMK-IV [ 57].
First, some compensation mechanism, for instance mediated by other Ctp proteins, may couteract ctpC deficiency; this may be addressed using mutants inactivated in several P-type ATPases, wich is ongoing in the laboratory.
Less clear is the relation, direct or indirect, that satellites may have with gene regulation although it is increasingly more suspected that such exists, for instance mediated by the chromatin [ 2].
The protective activity of BDE has been potentially mediated by various mechanisms, for instance, via inhibition of cytochromes P450, playing a crucial role in the metabolism of CP, or by stimulation of production of interferons, which may improve DNA repair [ 74].
lncRNAs play a significant role in epigenetic regulation as they, for instance, mediate the activation or repression of target genes through methylation of DNA posttranslational histone modifications [ 13, 199].
