Female movements are mainly driven by mating and mediated by costs of the searching males (e.g. energy expenditure, time lost and enhanced predation risk, [ 57] and spreading their offspring).
Medical stop-loss captives can help mediate those costs.
Ecological conditions can mediate the costs and benefits of resistance and infectivity for bacteria and phages, respectively (Messenger et al., 1999; Jessup & Bohannan, 2008).
These results along with observations from termite societies, where cooperative behaviours were highest in colonies with abundant food [ 10], highlight that the role for resource supply in mediating the costs and benefits of kin-selected traits may apply very generally indeed.
The general observed socioeconomic nutritional gradient can be mediated by food costs, meaning that lowest cost diets mainly consumed by the lowest socioeconomic positions are generally unhealthy.
Furthermore, benefits associated with phenotypic diversity may be counterbalanced by costs mediated by reduced relatedness, since closely related individuals typically are more similar.
49– 51 Therefore, access to fortified maize flour and corn meal seems to be mediated by their costs.
It will address this issue by examining in detail how, in a health care system with finite resources, clinical need and treatment decisions are mediated by perceived costs: physical, social, psychological and financial.
We show how these limitations can be mediated if the cost function is expressed using GPU-accelerated vector and matrix operations which are recognized as intrinsic functions by our AAD software.
In any case, a cost mediated by glutathione suggests that melanin-based traits are in fact signals of the individual capacity to manage oxidative stress [5], [24].
