Generally, positive selection may act on beneficial mutations arising within the MHC, and this variation is hypothesized to be maintained by selective forces mediated by pathogen variability and disassortative mating [ 16, 56, 57].
To understand whether effects were mediated by body mass variability (i.e., potential differences in food intake or metabolism), body mass change was also added as a covariate.
On the other hand, even if CL act, tot is solely mediated by OATP1B1, the variability in the in vitro estimated ratio between CL act, *1a and CL act, *15 may only affect CL act, tot, *15 estimation (results which are further illustrated in Supplementary Figure S1).
Genetic susceptibility to infections is mediated by the inter-individual variability of immune responses, the first line defence being the innate immune system (Kotb et al. 2002; Pandey et al. 2014).
This poor immunocompetence may be mediated by the lower genetic variability found in Canarian Egyptian vultures [9], [51]; consequently, negative effects operating on the host's immune system may be expected to occur [25], [52], [53].
In a second set of analyses, we were interested in whether the effects of ageing on rsfMRI variability in neuronally meaningful areas (RSFA maps with spatial distribution within GM, that is, IC1, IC2, IC5, IC6, IC8, and IC10) were mediated by measures of neural variability.
We applied generalized multilevel path models to investigate multivariate causal hypotheses that environmental effects on population stability of a macrophyte species - Potamogeton maackianus - are mediated by physiological and morphological traits variability.
In contrast, skin conductance variability - mediated by intermittent palmar sweat release and reuptake - more directly mirrors ongoing sympathetic nerve activity to palmar sweat glands, as measured with neurography [ 5].
Heart rate variability (HRV) is mediated by the autonomic nervous system and a lower HRV reflects parasympathetic inhibition therefore it could reflects stress.
Furthermore, the converse effects of ageing on the rsMEG variability were not mediated by vascular factors.
