Thus, in bright light, the pupils are constricted; this happens by virtue of the pupillary light reflex mediated by these special nerve fibres.
In the heart, rectum, and bladder, pain appears to be due to a summation of impulses in sensory nerve fibres and may not be mediated by a special group of fibres reserved for reporting noxious events.
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a major intracellular degradation system that, in eukaryotes, is mediated by a special organelle, the autophagosome., Upon autophagy induction, small pieces of the cytoplasm are enclosed by phagophores, which mature into autophagosomes.
Classical studies by Spemann and Mangold (Spemann and Mangold, 1924; translated by Hamburger, 2001) showed that the emergence of the nervous system requires an inductive event mediated by a special group of cells, called the 'organizer', on a layer of overlying neuroectodermal cells (Spemann and Mangold, 1924; De Robertis et al., 2000; De Robertis, 2009).
Different microorganisms, either gram-positive or gram-negative, can exchange electrons with electrodes and this is accomplished by different mechanisms: reduction of self-produced soluble shuttles; short-range electron transfer through membrane-bound redox-active proteins (i.e., c-type cytochrome); long-range electron transfer mediated by a special class of conductive pili, the nanowires [ 12].
This month Israeli and Palestinian leaders finally began a new round of indirect "proximity" talks, mediated by the US special envoy, George Mitchell.
The second is SLiM-specific selection superimposed on the background, due to the special function mediated by the SLiM.
Not only does this methodology mimic the biosynthetic pathway leading to vinblastine that has been presumed to be mediated by enzymes, but it is of special note that the diastereoselectivity of the Fe(III -mediated couplIII -mediatedquent oxidation reproducouplingrelandve abundance of vinblasubsequentleuroxidationC20′ diastereproducesund in the plant.
Some of them utilize the notion that translocation across the four membranes surrounding the apicoplast is mediated by an N-terminal bipartite targeting sequence, a special N-terminal signal, and a transit peptide [ 13].
