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Modern techniques of molecular analysis provide ideal tools to investigate whether changes in cultures and modes of subsistence were mediated by population replacement or cultural exchange.
Populations affected by armed conflict experience severe public health consequences mediated by population displacement, food scarcity, and the collapse of basic health services, which together often give rise to complex humanitarian emergencies [ 7, 8].
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These include detoxification of antibiotic molecules and mutations in the designated target or, as described recently, are mediated by population-level resistance mechanisms [ 1].
Entry into the New World was mediated by a population of 1,000 2,000 effective individuals.
We chose specifically to evaluate IBA-evoked tingle as opposed to pungency, because we were interested whether this sensation is mediated by a population of fibers separate from those sensitive to capsaicin or mustard oil.
The positive relationship evidenced between network architecture and population performance was not mediated by between-population differences in plant size and flower production, since there was no relationship between number of flowers produced per plant and overall performance (r2 = 0.02, t = 0.37, P = 0.72, linear regression).
The replacement of seasonal strains is mediated by a population-scale boost in antibodies specific for conserved regions of the hemagglutinin stalk.
B cells are central players in multiple autoimmune rheumatic diseases as a result of the imbalance between pathogenic and protective B-cell functions, which are presumably mediated by distinct populations.
Microbiological iron cycling mediated by associated populations of FeOB and FeRB that carry out oxidative and reductive pathways, respectively, is a recognized phenomenon, and has been studied most extensively in freshwater habitats (Emerson & Revsbech 1994; Straub et al. 2001; Weiss et al. 2004; Blothe & Roden 2009; Roden et al. 2012).
In order to understand the ways in which virus-host interactions mediated by CRISPRs affect population dynamics, it is necessary to link signatures of resistance among coexisting strains to genotypic variation within a population.
At the single-cell level, Th2 cytokine secretion was mediated by a heterogeneous population of NKT cells (Figure 5D).
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