TTCs microcircuits significantly amplified brief thalamocortical inputs; this cortical gain was mediated by back-propagation activated N-methyl d-aspartate depolarizations and dendritic back-propagation-activated Ca2+ spike firing, ignited by the coincidence of thalamic-activated somatic spike and local dendritic synaptic inputs, originating from the cortical microcircuit.
The approach is applied to the following toy model: (10) x ↓ A ⇌ B. The forward reaction A → B is mediated by x while the back reaction B → A is unaffected by the input x.
These figures might indicate over-activation of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) known to be mediated by Ku70/Ku80 as a back-up alternative mechanism for DNA DSB repair in cases when BRCA1/2 are mutated with altered HR DNA repair pathway.
In vitro experiments suggest that the back signaling mediated by the transmembrane neuregulin1 plays a role in the migratory activity induced by ecto-ErbB4.
The recycling of PDIs back to their oxidized form is mediated by upstream oxidases, exemplified by ERO1 and back-up enzymes, such as PRDX4 and VKOR that exploit O2, H2O2, and vitamin K epoxide, respectively, as downstream electron acceptors.
The system is regulated by several feed-back loops, mostly mediated by the cytokine G-CSF.
Usually, this NRG1 isoform is expressed by axons in which the back-signaling is mediated by the action of a γ-secretase that, following ligand-receptor interaction, causes the release of a NRG1 cytoplasmic fragment able to translocate into the nucleus [ 9], where it can regulate transcription of genes involved in neuronal development [ 38].
Induction of classical LTP involves an NMDA-receptor and calcium-dependent increase in functional synaptic AMPA receptors, mediated by enhanced recycling of internalized AMPA receptors back to the postsynaptic membrane.
More of the contact a customer has with the firm is likely to be with the back-office and, therefore, mediated by technology.
Efflux across the basolateral surface of the hepatocyte back into the circulation is mediated by MRP3 and MRP4 (Kullak-Ublick et al, 2004; Maher et al, 2005).
This intake of iron into cells is balanced by an out stream back into plasma of similar strength, mediated by iron export protein ferroportin [ 11].
