Such interactions occur when the physiological effect is the outcome of a chain of chemical steps, each step being mediated by a product of a different gene.
Microbial natural products mediate a wide range of biological and biochemical interactions both among microbes and between microbes and higher organisms [1], [2].
Their products mediate a wide range of cellular functions including signal transduction, cell adhesion and motility but somehow or other they seem to regulate actin cytoskeleton or microtubule dynamics (Fig. 7).
The product C3b mediates a number of cellular reactions leading to proliferation and cell activation, release of proinflamatory cytokines, increased vascular permeability, cell recruitment, apoptosis, and, ultimately, parenchymal damage [ 4].
The IFN response comprises a multi-array of IFN-stimulated gene products that mediate a variety of biological processes designed to control infection and regulate specific immune responses.
In other cases, multiple inhibitors and receptor blockers were used, and the final eicosanoid product mediating an effect was identified.
Moreover, methyl spongoate, a natural marine product, mediates an apparent killing effect on liver cancer cells overexpressing various drug transporters by depleting Tyr705 phosphorylation of Stat3.
While the earlier work on retroactivity focused on nearest neighbor interactions, for example mediated by the product of a reversible reaction, the ShReD-based analysis also considered interactions between distant parts of a network.
A marked diminution in target cell proliferation was also achieved with target cells growing in suspension, where maintenance of close contact between effectors and targets is unlikely, indicating that this macrophage effect may be mediated by a soluble product of AM.
This regulation is mediated by the product of the promoter-proximal gene acuR, a transcriptional regulator in the TetR family.
