Scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) is a functional receptor for EV71, that mediates viral attachment, internalization, and uncoating.
The HA1 subunit contains the receptor-binding site which mediates viral attachment to the cell membrane, whereas, the HA2 subunit contributes to membrane fusion [17], [18].
It mediates viral attachment to the cellular receptors of the target cells known as sialic acid of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
In the case of HSV, heparin inhibits the interaction of some HSV envelope glycoprotein to the heparan sulfate that mediates viral attachment to the target cell surface (20, 21 ).
GP mediates viral attachment to cells via multiple cell-surface molecules, including lectins (e.g., L-SIGN and DC-SIGN), the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl, and human T cell mucins.
HA, the most abundant and immunogenic surface antigen of the influenza virus, is responsible for mediating viral attachment by binding to sialic acid residues on the host cell surface, and for fusing the viral envelope to the host cell membrane [ 8].
We have constructed and clinically evaluated a hypoallergenic vaccine for grass pollen allergy, BM32, which is based on fusion proteins consisting of peptides from the IgE binding sites of the major grass pollen allergens fused to preS (preS1 + preS2), a domain of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large envelope protein which mediates the viral attachment and entry.
The HIV envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) is an intricate molecular machine that mediates the viral attachment to target cells and the fusion of viral with cellular membranes, and does so in a highly coordinated manner.
Viral attachment to the surface of DCs is mediated by C-type lectins including: DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin); 152 langerin; and the mannose receptor.
Our results indicated that spread of persistent CDV in astrocytes did not require infectious particles, whereas the viral attachment protein was crucial in allowing lateral cell-to-cell transmission most likely by mediating cell cell fusion activity.
