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What signalling pathways mediate the proliferative signal following adenosine receptor activation?
The authors concluded that both ERα and ERβ can mediate the proliferative effects of E2 on the mouse mammary epithelium.
PPARγ is known to mediate the proliferative response of T cells, inhibits their differentiation into TH17 cells, and induces T-cell apoptosis [ 45- 47].
Endothelial cell dysfunction influences the behaviour of vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts, which mediate the proliferative changes and sclerosis in the sclerodermatous arterial wall.
While the ras/raf pathway may mediate the proliferative effects, survival signals are thought be mediated by the PI3/Akt pathway.
c-MYC, as a well-known estrogen-responsive gene, has been shown to mediate the proliferative effects of estrogen in ER+ breast cancer cells [ 36].
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VEGF-A is the most potent angiogenic mediator identified to date [ 30– 32] and is crucially involved in mediating the proliferative phase of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
Recent studies have shown that α7 is the main nAChR subunit that mediates the proliferative effects of nicotine in cancer cells.
α-bungarotoxin, an α7 subunit antagonist significantly inhibited nicotine-induced proliferation in Line1 cells, thereby suggesting that α7 subunit is mainly responsible for mediating the proliferative effect of nicotine (Figure 4A).
Elements of the Wnt signaling pathway are important for mediating the proliferative processes seen following lung injury [ 1].
Therefore, the results identify a novel type of 5-HT receptor that mediates the proliferative effect of the monoamine in the liver.
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