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Functional mapping provides a procedure for estimating the genetic parameters that specify the dynamic relationship of competition and cooperation and predicting how genes mediate the evolution of this relationship during trait formation.
But the assumption that costs and benefits trade off in an additive fashion is not valid for the survival cost – reproduction benefit tradeoff that is assumed to mediate the evolution of sexually selected signals.
However, these mutations are unlikely to mediate the evolution of Fujian-like viruses in nature since none of them occurred in either Fujian clade or Panama clade.
Finally, we must recognise that selection on other traits can mediate the evolution of a cooperative behaviour of interest.
In summary, our findings suggest that the chemokine axes CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL16/CXCR6 are tightly linked and may form a network to mediate the evolution of cervical cancer.
Farmers mediate the evolution of landraces by trading and mixing seed lots, by imposing selection on the populations through management practices, and by choosing seed with desirable ear and grain characteristics (Cleveland and Soleri 2007).
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The long-range CRM communication in these critical developmental genes has been shown to be dynamic, changing through the course of development in some cases [40] and perhaps even capable of mediating the evolution of novel patterns of gene expression in different insect species [42].
However, little is known whether epigenetic factors have mediated the evolution of expression regulation since gene duplication.
This strategy allowed us to trace their functional evolution through time and dissect the genetic and biophysical mechanisms that mediated the evolution of the GKPID's new functions.
For instance, Johnstone and Cant [ 60] and Gardner [ 61] have shown how sex-biased dispersal of adults mediates the evolution of altruism.
Previous studies have postulated that X-linked and autosomal genes underlying human intellectual disability may have also mediated the evolution of human cognition.
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