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FXS models have been described in multiple systems and from these models it has become clear that FMRP is acting at the synapse to regulate the translation of target mRNAs upon group 1 mGluR stimulation and whose protein products mediate synaptic strength [16], [18].
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Emerging evidence suggests that activity‐regulated proteolysis at neuronal synapses mediates synaptic strength and structural remodeling of neuronal circuits.
Temporary cerebral ischaemia inhibits the activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a key protein kinase that mediates synaptic strength and this is attenuated by hypothermia [ 38].
These results suggest that GluR2-lacking AMPARs play a functional and previously unidentified role in learning; they appear to mediate changes in synaptic strength that occur after plasticity has been established by NMDARs.
Thus a key question linking these two new lines of evidence that support the relationship between LTP and memory is whether PKMζ mediates the increase in synaptic strength induced by learning.
FMR1 inactivation impaired homeostatic plasticity by blocking retinoic acid-mediated regulation of synaptic strength.
Wnt7a signalling is critical to regulate dendritic spine growth and synaptic strength [ 35], mediating synapse density and numbers, and hippocampal network structure [ 56].
We demonstrated that, in human neurons, homeostatic plasticity induced by synaptic silencing was mediated by retinoic acid, which regulated both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength.
Rial et al. demonstrated that Arc reduces the number of glutamate receptors, leading to a decrease in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) mediated synaptic currents, consistent with a role in the homeostatic regulation of synaptic strength.
The deleterious effects of toxic concentrations of oligomeric amyloid-β on synaptic strength are partly counteracted by Reelin-dependent activation of Src family kinases, which is mediated by lipoprotein receptors and modulated in an apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent manner.
mEPSCs represent unitary synaptic currents mediated by the spontaneous fusion of single synaptic vesicles, and are often used to reveal functional changes in synaptic strength.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com