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Recently, ADAM17 was reported to mediate shedding of the type 1 TGFβ receptor [ 46].
Besides these metalloproteinases, tPA and BACE-1 were described to mediate shedding of LRP-1 [ 77, 78].
Therefore, we were interested to look at the repertoire of metalloproteases, which are known to mediate shedding of important regulatory proteins, in our human cell models.
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The GiαPCR-mediated shedding of HB-EGF is PTX sensitive, whereas EGFR-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and ERK1/2 pathways by EGF is PTX insensitive [ 20, 21].
The elevated soluble CD163 present in SSc patient plasma may be explained by the higher levels of TNF-α converting enzyme that mediates shedding of the CD163 ectodomain [200] in PBMC of patients with early SSc [201].
Platelets express ADAM17 that mediates shedding of GPIbα and several other platelet receptors after platelet activation.
Heparanase accelerates MMP-9 mediated shedding of syndecan-1 in both myeloma and breast cancer [ 17].
Heparanase mediated shedding of syndecan-1 correlates with enhancement of both VEGF [ 17] and HGF [ 87] signaling and affects angiogenesis.
Moreover, ADAM10 mediated shedding of the extracellular domain of E‐cadherin, which in turn resulted in translocation of β‐catenin to the nucleus and led to enhanced proliferation.
It is also known that FGF-2 activates MMP-7 mediated shedding (Ding et al, 2005) and heparanase accelerates MMP-9 mediated shedding of Sdc-1 (Purushothaman et al, 2010).
As mentioned above, however, some MMPs also mediate cell shedding of membrane-bound growth factors.
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