Root architecture responds to the soil environment by changing growth and branching patterns, and the differences in plant hormone synthesis and response probably mediate these plastic responses to the environment as well as contribute to genetic differences in root architecture and plasticity.
We review recent work in this system, which has identified lbh as a novel regulator of neural crest cell migration, determined the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways mediate species-specific bone morphologies, and examined how plastic responses to diet modulate adult facial shapes.
Under this conceptual framework, plastic responses are visualized as shifts along the reaction norm mediated by changes in growth rate, whereas genetic changes are visualized as a shift in the position or shape of the maturation reaction norm itself.
Subsequent generations will still have plastic responses, but "eventually those plastic responses can become [permanent] over many generations and over time," she proposes.
Similarly, evidence for plastic responses abounds [ 3].
Although generally, these traits appear highly plastic, more data contrasting plastic responses in restricted versus widespread species are needed.
Furthermore, we highlight the large body of literature on plastic responses to ocean acidification available, and evolutionary theory that may be used to link plastic and evolutionary responses.
A rich literature documents potential evolutionary and plastic responses to physical drivers in fish.
Adaptive plastic responses would weaken selection on genetically deterministic FA composition.
Plastic responses can be variable and include behavioral, morphological, physiological, demographic, and life history changes.
